Indonesia and the European Union have reached a substantive conclusion on a comprehensive trade agreement, the Indonesia-EU Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), after over nine years of negotiations. The deal was formally finalized and announced on 23 September. It aims to eliminate tariffs on most goods, increase market access, and cover a wide range of areas including services, investment, and sustainability. The agreement is expected to significantly boost bilateral trade and marks a strategic milestone in economic relations between the two parties.